Gender Terminology Booklet

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa, Tshivenda & Xitsonga

In association with

2022-2032 INTERNATIONAL DECADE OF

Commission For Gender Equality Gender Terminology

Authenticated by Tshiven ḓ a National Language Body (TNLB): 31 May 2024 : Themini ḽ odzhi ya zwa Mbeu | ISBN: 978-0-6397-4188-8 Sesotho sa Leboa National Language Body (SSLNLB): 27 May 2024 : Mareo ka Bong | ISBN:978-0-6397-4182-6 Xitsonga National Language Body (XNLB): 10 June 2024 : Theminoloji ya swa Rimbewu | ISBN:978-0-6397-4189-5

Number

Tshivenda

Xitsonga

Sesotho sa Leboa Dr. SM. Tembane Mr. M.C. Mphahlele Ms. N.P. Kgare Dr. P.M. Kgatla Ms. D.C. Kgwadi Ms. M.J. Madiba

Dr. M. Ma ṱ habi

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Dr. A. Mushwana Ms. S.H. Sithole Ms. R.P. Maphophe

Mrs. C.T Ratshi ṱ anga

Ms. M.E. Takalani

Ms. N.C. Ratshisevhe

Ms. C. Marivate Dr. H.T. Mashele

Dr. A. Mawela

Mr M.N. Ramagwedzha

Ms. D.G. Magamana Mr C. Hlongwane Mr T.M. Hlangwani Ms. J.G. Magadze Mr M.M. Mabunda Dr. K.J. Ngobeni Dr. M.A. Mabasa

Ms. N.S. Ravele

Ms. M.T. Makhavhu Ms. T. Tshikombedze Mr T.J. Ṋ etshifhefhe

10. 11. 12. 13.

Mr N.P. Mtileni

CGE would like to express its gratitude towards the stakeholders namely PanSALB, Department of Sport Arts and Culture, University of Limpopo, University of South Africa, University of Venda, Civil Society and Gender Activists in the Limpopo Province, for their contribution towards the entire development process of this booklet which included harvesting, verification, and approval of the 440 words.

1

Gender Terminology Booklet

Overview The Commission for Gender Equality (CGE) is a Constitutional body established by the CGE Act 39 of 1996 to support democracy and promote gender equality. It has a Constitutional mandate to promote respect for gender equality and the protection, development and attainment of gender equality. Within this legislative mandate, Section 187 (2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa provides the CGE with the power to monitor, investigate, research, educate, lobby, advise and report on issues concerning gender equality. One of the strategic objectives of the CGE requires the promotion of respect and protection of gender equality by developing, conducting and managing public education and information programmes. It is for this reason that the institution has decided to produce a public education program that will indigenise and promote gender sensitive terminology. Gender terminologies booklet is an education resource created to mainstream and foster an inclusive language from a local and regional point of view. It is a resource that promotes language diversity whilst eliminating gender discrimination on how we should relate to each other. Language is a powerful tool in shaping perceptions, identities, and challenging stereotypes.

This language development resource is in line with the CGE’s Public Education function which seeks to educate, empower individuals, challenge harmful stereotypes, and foster a more inclusive society where language reflects the rights and realities of all, irrespective of one’s own sexual orientation, gender identity and expressions. It is through this booklet that gender terms are clustered in a manner that covers all thematic spheres of life, including the day-to-day use of gender related terms in three official indigenous languages mainly spoken in Limpopo province. The Commission is in the process of producing gender terminologies of the other indigenous languages such as Zulu, Setswana, Ndebele, SiSwati. CGE encourages the society to use these Sesotho sa Leboa, Tshivenda & Xitsonga gender terminologies in a way that upholds human dignity and the protection of human rights. Public information centres are also encouraged to disseminate this brochure broadly to communities so that social cohesion and appreciation of linguistic human rights can be achieved.

……………….............. Dr Dennis Matotoka Chief Executive Officer 5 March 2025

2

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

1

abortion

Termination of pregnancy due to removal of an embryo or foetus before it can survive outside the uterus.

go ntšha mpa vhukwashathum bu

nxixo

vhubvisathumbu vhu ṋ ulathumbu vhuthuthathum bu

phepelosemolao vhuun ḓ i

2

adoption

A process of taking over the parenting of a child, from the child’s biological or legal parent or parents by permanently transferring all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation from the biological parent/parents. Encouragement of increased representation of women and minority-group members, especially in employment.

ncandzato wundloxinawu

Khwa ṱ hisedzand inganelo

3

affirmative action

tirotokišo

endlelontlakuso

4

aromantic

Someone who doesn’t experience romantic attraction.

mohlokakgahle go go tša marato

mushayanyemu lo mushayazwipfhi kha lufuno

nkatsakelo wa swa mar- handzo

3

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English asexual

Definitions

Xitsonga

5

Lack of sexual attraction to others, low or absent interest in or desire for sexual activity.

mohlokakgahle go go tša thobalano

vhushayadzan galelo ḽ a vhudze kani

nkatsakelamar- handzo

6

assisting spouse A supportive partner.

mothekgamo lekani

mufarisi mutikedzi

murhandziwa loyi a seketelaka

7

asylum seeker

Person who has left their home country as a political refugee. Any job that is not a traditional full-time position. It can include temporary or contract-based jobs. Also known as non-standard or precocious work. A person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy. A person who does not identify themselves as having a gender.

mokgopelatšhire letšobofalading

mufhalali

mukombe- lavuchavelo mukombelavu- tumbelo

8

atypical work employment

letogo

mushumozwawo ntlolonkan- toloveleko ntirhonkan- toloveleko

9

advocate

mmoleledi

muimeli muambeli muthemendeli mushaya- vhu ṱ alusambeu

museketeri mulweri

10

agender

moutabong

mukalarimbewu

4

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

11

ally

A willing to act with and for others in pursuit of ending oppression and creating equality. Combination of the characteristics or nature of both male and female. An inclination or prejudice for or against one group in a way that is considered unfair. A minimum or starting point used for comparisons. A standard by which others can be measured. A person who stands to benefit from a system, trust, insurance policy or will. An advantage or profit gained.

mothekgi

mutikedzi muim anawe

nakulobye

bokgerematona vhu ṱ alusam beumvangwa ṅ wambeumvan gwa go tšea lehlakore u dzhia sia

12

androgyny

rimbewuxikarhi

13

bias

mboyamelatlhe- lo

14

baseline

motheo

mutheo

masungulo

15

benchmark

tekanyetšo

vhuvhambedzi

nkambelamfa- naniso mpimaxikalo mudyandzhaka muvuyeriwa

16

beneficiary

moamogedi wa lefa moholegi

muvhuelwa mu ḽ aifa

17

benefit

kholego

mbuelo

mbuyelo

5

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

18

bigender

A gender identity that can be translated as having two gender identities. Gender identities could be male and female or non-binary identities.

bongpedi

vhumbeumbili

rimbewumbirhi

19

breastfeeding An act of a female feeding a child breast milk. A natural way to feed a baby by providing breast milk.

go nyantšha amuša

u mamisa mikando

mamiso an’wiso

20

bride price

A payment in the form of livestock, money, property, or other asset that is made by or on behalf of a prospective husband to the bride’s family. The use superior strength or influence to intimidate others by forcing them to do something.

magadi

lumalo mamalo

ndzovolo xuma

21

bullying

bokgowa

u tambudza u shengedza

nkarhato nhlupho nxaniso

6

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

22

burden of care The negative, physical, emotional, social, and

morwalo

muhwalo wa vhulondo

ndzhwalo wa nhlayiso

financial impacts experienced by someone providing care to another person with a chronic illness or disability, essentially describing the stress and strain associated with caregiving responsibilities that can affect their wellbeing. The obligation to prove one’s statement. The anatomy of an individual’s reproductive system, and secondary sex characteristics. Dislike of or prejudice against bisexual people. Romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior toward both males and females, or romantic or sexual attraction to people of any sex or gender identity.

23

burden of proof

tšhupabohlatse muhwalo wa vhu ṱ anzi

ndzhwalo wa vumbhoni rimbewuxidzi

vhu ṱ alusam beutsiko

24

biological sex

bongtlhago bongtswalo

25

biphobia

lehloyo la bongpedi

vhuvhengam beumbili

rivengo ra vambewumbirhi ntsakelarimbe- wumbirhi

26

bisexual

bongpedi

mufunambeum bili mutamambeum bili

7

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English butch

Definitions

Xitsonga

ḽ esibieni mvum botshinna ḽ esbieni mvum botshinna

27

A lesbian who exhibits a masculine identity.

mosadimonna

xitavanaxisati xa xinuna wansatinavelana wa vununa wansatitsakelana wa vununa

28

candle wife

A woman selected by the nation and married off to the royal household for the sole purpose of producing a male child.

timamollo lebone mma setšhaba

mufamakadzi wa dzekiso musadzi wa dzekiso

mavelekahosi matswalahosi

tirelobobotlana vhulondamu ṱ a ikhonominhlayiso

29

care economy Looking after the physical, psychological, emotional, and developmental needs of one or more other people.

30

care ethics

Ideas concerning both the nature of morality and normative ethical theory. Looking after the physical, psychological, emotional, and developmental needs of one or more other people.

dikgopolo ka ga maitshwaro

vhulondamikhwa vhulondavhu ḓ i fari vhulondolavha thu

matikhome- lonene ya nhlayiso

31

care work

tireloleago

ntirhonhlayiso

8

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English career

Definitions

Xitsonga

32

Vocation is undertaken for a period of a person’s life and with opportunities for progress. It is composed of titles earned, accomplished work, and jobs held. A period in which a person chooses not to work.

mošomo

mushumo budo sia nyendavhut shilo u awela mushu moni u awela kha bu ḓ o u awela kha sia u awela kha nyendavhutshilo

ntirhovutomi

33

career breaks

kgaotšo ya mošomo

ku wisa ntirhovu- tomi kuhumula ntirhovutomi

34

caring masculinity

Describes men who take on caregiving roles, rather than traditional provider roles. It is the opposite of hegemonic masculinity. Celibacy is a vow of long- term restraint from sexual intercourse, often to uphold religious, spiritual, or cultural beliefs.

banna ba bafepi vhunnandondoli vhu ḓ ifhinduleli ha tshinnani

wanuna wo hlay- isa

35

celibacy

go se tsenele thobalano

nyilavhudzekani nyilanzeo

mpapalatama- sangu

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English charter

Definitions

Xitsonga chatara

36

A formal statement of the rights of a country’s people, of an organisation or a particular social group, that is agreed by or demanded by a ruler or government. parents are at work or are absent for another reason. The act or process of giving birth to a child.

tšhatha

thendelanonzwi wa

37

childbirth

pelego

u beba u vhofholowa

ku veleka ku tswala ku bebula

38

child marriage Any formal or informal union between a child under the age of 18 and an adult or another child.

nyadišo ya bana mbingano ya ṅ wana nzekiso ya ṅ wana

vukati bya swihlangi vukati bya vana

39

childcare

Care for children provided by either the government, an organisation, or a person, while parents are at work or are absent for another reason. The obligation to provide a minor with housing, food, clothing, education and medical care.

tlhokomelo ya bana

u lela ndondolavhana

nhlayiso wa vana

phepo ya bana u un ḓ a ṅ wana wundlo wa n’wana

40

child maintenance

10

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

41

cisgender

A person whose gender identity matches the sex that they were assigned at birth.

bongpelegong bongtswalong bongtlhagong

mbeu ya mvelo vona biological sex

42

cissexual

A person who is comfortable with having the physical characteristics of their biological sex. Legal demand or assertion by a claimant for compensation, payment, or reimbursement for a loss under a contract, or an injury due to negligence. Society is considered as a community of citizens linked. A marriage entered between two persons and include persons of the same sex.

boikamogelo go bong

mufushwa nga zwi ṱ alusambeu

murhandzarim- bewuxidzi

43

claim to resources

tleleimi ya didirišwa

mbilo ya ndiliso nkoxo wa swipfuno

44

civil society

setšhaba

lushaka tshitshavha bingano ya ṱ hanganela nathundu

rixaka ro tirhisa- na

45

civil union

lenyalo la semmušo

vukati bya xilungu

11

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga ntlhakiso

u ṱ ahisana u dzulisana vhudzulisani tshayambingano tshayanzeo

46

cohabitation

A living arrangement by two unmarried people.

bokaolwa

vhuko ḽ oni

47

colonialism The policy or practice of acquiring political control over another country by occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically.

bokoloniale

vukoloni

48

commercial sexual exploitation competence development

The exchange of money for sexual objectification of another person. Knowledge, skills, and attributes needed for people within an organization. A theological view held by some in religions and cultures that men and women have different but complementary roles and responsibilities in marriage, family life, religious leadership, and elsewhere.

tlaišo ya bagwe ba ka mmele

thambudzo kha vhurengisamuvhi li mveledzisavhu koni

nxaniso hi swa vuxavisamiri

49

tlhabollo ya bokgoni

nhluvukiso wa vuswikoti

50

complementar ianism

kagišano

vhufarisani vhushumisani

nkhomisano

12

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

51

contraceptive A method or device that prevents pregnancy.

thibelapelegi

tshilangambebo tshithivhelamb embo

xisivelambeleko

52

condom

Thin rubber sheath designed to cover the penis or vagina during sexual intercourse for contraceptives purposes. An agreement between states on a particular matter. UN agreed upon tool or document that helps women around the world to bring about change in their daily life and to eliminate discrimination against them.

kgotlopo khonto mo

khondomu

khondomu

53

convention

kwano ya dinaga

thendelano

ntwanano

54

convention on elimination of all forms of discrimination against women

kwano ya dinaga go phedišo ya kgethollo go basadi

thendelano ya u fhelisa tshaka dzo ṱ he dza u khethululwa ha vhafumakadzi thendelano ya u fhelisa tshaka dzo ṱ he dza u khethululwa ha vhasadzi

ntwanano wo herisa mixaka hinkwawo ya xihlawuhlawu ehenhla ka vavasati

13

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a moaparatšohle muambara

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

55

cross dresser

One who wears items of clothing and other

muabalaxisati muambalax- inuna

phambanambeu muambaraz wambeudzo ṱ he mbuyaf hadzakhan deledzamvelele khakhathim buyafhadzam velele khandeledzo kha vhulamukany ivhu ṋ e

accoutrements commonly associated with the opposite sex within a particular society.

56

cultural violence Aspects of culture used to justify or legitimize direct or structural violence by making it look and feel right.

dikgaruru tša setšo

madzolongamfu- wo

57

custodial violence

Violence in police or judicial custody.

dikgaruru tša semolao

madzolonga hi vusindzisanawu

58

customary marriage

A union negotiated, celebrated, or concluded according to any of the systems of indigenous African customary law which exist in South Africa.

lenyalo la setšo mbingano ya mvelele

vukati bya xintu

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

59

cyber harassment

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to harass, manipulate or habitually disparage a person, business, or group without direct or intended physical harm.

tlaišo inthan eteng

u tambudza zwileludzini zwa vhudavhidzani

nxaniso hi swa inthanete

60

cyber stalking The repeated use of

tsatselo inthan eteng

u tovhola zwileludzini zwa vhudavhidzani khakhathi zwileludzini zwa vhudavhidzani u tzhipya vho bva vho ṱ he u tzhipya vho ḓ ibvisa u binywa vho bva vho ṱ he u binywa vho ḓ ibvisa

nandzelelanxani- so hi swa inthan- ete madzolonga hi swa inthanete

electronic communications to harass or frighten someone.

61

cyber violence A form of bullying or

bokgowa bja inthaneteng

harassment using electronic means. Rape by a person with whom the victim has gone on a date.

62

date rape

kato morago ga go intšha mmo go

mpfinyo hi vahumesani

15

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

63

dating violence Perpetration or threat of an act of violence by at least

dikgaruri go tša marato

khakhathi dza vhafunani

madzolonga yo humesana

one member of the unmarried couple or the other member within the context of dating or courtship.

64

dead naming The act of referring to a transgender person by the

leina la lenyatšo ndambambeut shandulwa

ku simula

name they used before transition instead of their affirmed chosen name. An official announcement or statement which has been signed and can be used as evidence in the court of law.

65

declaration

phatlalatšo

mulevho

xihlambanyo

16

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

66

declaration on the elimination of violence against women

The UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1993.

phatlalatšo go phedišo ya dikgaruru kgahlanong le basadi

mulevhop- helisakhak- hathinyitel- wavhafu- makadzi

xihlambanyo xo herisa mixaka ya madzolonga ehenhla ka vavasati

mulevhop- helisakhak- hathinyitelwa vhasadzi

mulevhop- helisakhak- hathi kha vhafu- makadzi mulevhop- helisakhak- hathi kha vhasa dzi ndinganelo ya mbeu ya de facto

67

de facto gender equality

Gender Equality that exists even if it is not recognized by the law.

tekatekano ya bong le ge e se molaong

ndzinganorimbe- wu entiyisweni

17

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

68

de jure gender equality

Equal access to justice for women and men.

tekatekano ya toka go bong mohlokatumo go tša marato

ndinganelo ya mbeu ya de jure mushayanyemu lo

ndzinganorimbe- wu hi nawu nhlwelo wa swa rirhandzo nonoko wa swa rirhandzo nhlwelo wa swa masangu nonoko wa swa masangu

69

demiromantic A person who does not experience romantic

attraction unless they form a strong emotional connection with someone. A person who does not experience sexual attraction unless they form a strong emotional connection with someone. A system of government by the whole population or the eligible members of state

70

demisexual

mohlokatumo go tša thobalano

mushayadzan galelo ḽ a vhudze kani

vhuvhusavho ṱ he dimokirasi dimokrasi

71

democracy

temokrasi

xidemokirasi

through elected representatives.

18

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

ṱ hahelelo kha vhuvhusavho ṱ he ṱ hahelelo kha dimokirasi ṱ hahelelo kha dimokrasi ndon dolavhaun ḓ wa

72

democratic deficit

Limited legitimacy of democracy and impact of an inadequate gender balance, i.e. of overrepresentation of men and underrepresentation of women, on the legitimacy of democracy.

tlhaelelo go tša temokrasi

nkayivelo wa xidemokirasi

73

dependent care Provision of care for those who are young, ill, elderly or less able, or deprived of abilities to care for

tlhokomelo ya baboti

ku hlayisa muhlayisiwa

themselves, and who are dependent on the care provided by another person. Benefits that originate from and depend on a person’s relationship with another, usually a relationship of parenthood, marriage, or cohabitation.

74

derived rights

ditokelo go ya ka kamano

pfhanelondivha nywa na vhusha ka

timfanelo ta vuxaka

19

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

75

desegregation of the labour market

Policies aiming to reduce or eliminate gender segregation (vertical and/or horizontal) in the labour market.

phedišokgethol lomešomong

phelisakhethululo mushumoni phun gudzakhethululo mushumoni phelisakhethululo ya ngwana mushumo phun gudzakhethululo ya ngwana mushumo phelisatshi ṱ alula mushumoni phungudzat shi ṱ alula mushu moni phelisatshi ṱ alula tsha ngwana mushumo phungudzat shi ṱ alula tsha ngwanamushu mo

heriso wa xihlawuhlawu emakete wa vatirhi

20

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a seriti mošomong tshirunzi mushu moni

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

76

dignity at work Right of all employees to be treated with dignity and

ndzhuti entirhwe- ni

respect and to enjoy a safe working environment that is free from sexual harassment, harassment, and any other act of gender- based violence. Treatment where one person is treated less favourably on grounds such as sex and gender, age, nationality, race, ethnicity, religion or belief, health, disability, sexual orientation, or gender identity, than another person is, has been or would be treated in a comparable situation.

77

direct discrimination

kgethollothwii

khethululond ihwa khethululon dumbamiswa tshi ṱ alulandihwa tshi ṱ alulan dumbamiswa

xihlawuhlawun- kongomo

21

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

78

direct violence Violence focusing on all acts of gender-based violence that result in, or are likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm to, or

dikgaruruthwii

khakhathin divhwa khakhathin dumbamiswa

dzolongankon- gomo

suffering of, women, including threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life. A physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movements, senses, or activities. Presentation of data broken into subgroups.

79

disability

bogolofadi

vhuholefhali

vutsoniwa

80

disaggregated data

datha yeo e hlophollotšwego datha yeo e arogantšwego

datakhethekany wa

switiviwa leswi hambanisiweke data leyi hambanisiweke

22

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

81

disadvantaged groups

Groups of persons that experience a higher risk of poverty, social exclusion, discrimination, and violence than the general population, including, migrants, people with disabilities, LGBTQIA+

dihlopha tšeo di gateletšwego

zwigwadatsiwan n ḓ a

ntlawankan- sirhelelo

person, isolated elderly people and children.

82

discrimination When one person or group is treated less favourably on the grounds of sex, gender, age, nationality, ethnicity, religion

kgetholla

khethululo tshi ṱ alula

xihlawuhlawu

or belief, health, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity than another person or group is in a comparable. .situation.

23

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English diversity

Definitions

Xitsonga hambano

83

Differences in the values, attitudes, cultural perspective, beliefs, ethnic background, sexual orientation, gender identity, skills, knowledge, and life experiences of each individual in any group of people.

phapano

phambano

84

division of labour Work that has been divided amongst people to complete.

karoganyomošo mo kabaganyo mošomo kabomešomo ka lapeng

khethekanyo ya mishumo

nkaniso wa mitirho

85

domestic division of labour

Division of care work and household responsibilities between women and men.

khethekanyo ya mishumo mu ṱ ani

nkavaniso wa mitirho ya le mindyangwini

86

domestic partner A person who is living with another in a close personal and sexual relationship.

molekani

mufarisi mufarekano

murhandziwa wa le ndyangwini

24

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

87

domestic violence

All acts of physical, sexual, psychological, or economic violence that occur within the family or domestic unit, irrespective of biological or legal family ties, or between former or current spouses or partners, whether or not the perpetrator shares or has shared the same residence as the victim.

dikgaruru tša ka lapeng

khakhathi dza mu ṱ ani

madzolonga ya le mindyangwini

88

domestic work Household work which may include cooking, laundry and ironing, shopping for food and other household errands.

mošomo wa ka lapeng

mushumo wa hayani

ntirho wa le ndyangwini

89

dominant

Having power or influence over others.

khuetšo

thakhula u laula

-matimba -khonya

90

dominant culture The most powerful,

setšo sa go ba le khuetšo

mvelelethakhuli mvelelendauli

mfuwo wa matimba mfuwo lowu khonyaka

widespread, or influential culture within a social or political entity in which multiple cultures are present.

25

Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

91

double standards A rule or principle which is unfairly applied in different ways to different people or groups.

go hloka nnete tshayavhuimo nawutihlo

92

drag king

A female who dresses as a man and impersonates male characteristics for public entertainment. A male who dresses as a woman and impersonates female characteristics for public entertainment.

mosadi wa go itshwara senna

nyambaratshinna muambalaswax- inuna

93

drag queen

monna wa go itshwara sesadi

nyambaratshifu makadzi nyambaratsh isadzi nyambaratshi kadzi

muambalaswaxi- sati

94

due diligence An investigation, audit, or review performed to confirm facts or details of a matter under consideration. early marriage Marriage or union between two people in which one or both parties are younger than 18 years of age.

go phethagatša tshwanelo go phethagatša maleba lenyalo pele ga nako

vhuronwane

vurhon’wana

mbingano ṱ havh anyedzwa

95

ku tekana ka vana ku tekana ka swihlangi

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

dambudzo ḽ a ikonomi

96

economic abuse Causing or attempting to cause an individual to become financially

tlaišo ka tša ekonomi tlaišo ka morou

nxaniso hi swa ikhonomi

dependent on another person by obstructing her or his access to, or control over, resources and/or independent economic activity. Acts of control and monitoring of the behaviour of an individual in terms of the use and distribution of money, and the constant threat of denying economic resources. The process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university.

97

economic violence

dikgaruru tša ekonomi dikgaruru ka tša moruo

khakhathi kha ikonomi

madyolonga ya swa ikhonomi

98

education

thuto

pfhunzo

dyondzo

99

elder abuse

Harmful acts towards an elderly person, such as

tlaišo ya batšofa di

Tshengedza vhaaluwa u tambudzwa ha vhaaluwa

nxaniso wa mudyuhari

physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, financial exploitation and neglect.

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

100 emancipation of all women

Process, strategy, and myriad efforts by which women have been striving to liberate themselves from the authority and control of men and traditional power structures, as well as to secure equal rights for women, remove gender discrimination from laws, institutions, and behavioural patterns, and set legal standards that shall promote their full equality with men. Methods of contraception that can be used to prevent

matlafatšo ya basadi ka moka

mbofholowo ya vhafumakadzi mbofholowo ya vhasadzi

ntshunxeko wa vavasati hinkwa- vo

101 emergency

thibelapelegi ya tšhoganetšo

vhulangambebo ha shishi vhuthivhelambe bo ha shishi

nsivelambeleko wa xihatla

contraception

pregnancy in the first few days After unprotected intercourse.

102 emotional abuse Belittling, humiliating, or undermining an individual’s sense of self-worth/self-esteem

tlaišo ya maikutlo u tambudzwa lwa muhumbulo

nxaniso emoyeni nxaniso wa matitwelo

through constant criticism, verbal insults, name-calling, etc.

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

103 emotional attraction

The desire to engage in emotionally intimated behaviours with another person, like sharing, confiding, trusting. Employment discrimination is a form of discrimination based on race, gender, religion, national origin, physical or mental disability, age, sexual A process by which women gain power and control over their own lives and acquire the ability to make strategic choices. orientation, and gender identity by employers.

Kamego ya maikutlo

khungeo nga kuhumbulele khungeo nga vhu ḓ ipfhi Khethululo mushumoni tshi ṱ alula mushu moni

navelano emoyeni nkokeko wa matitwelo

104 employment discrimination

kgethollo mošomng

xihlawuhlawu entirhweni

u maan ḓ afhadz waha vhafuma kadzi u maan ḓ afhadz waha vhasadzi

105 empowerment of women

matlafatšo ya basadi

ku nyika matim- ba eka vavasati

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

106 equal access to justice

Right of individuals and groups to obtain a quick, effective, and fair response to protect their rights, prevent or solve disputes and control the abuse of power through a transparent and efficient process, in which mechanisms are available, affordable, and accountable, and conducted based on equality. The right of the residents of jurisdictions that are members of a cooperative library system to use on an equal basis with one another the services and loan privileges of all other members of the same system. Absence of barriers to economic, political, and social participation on any ground.

phihlelelo ya go lekana go toka

ndingan elotswikelelavhul amukanyi

mfikelelo wo ringana wa vululami

107 equal access to resources

phihlelelo ya go lekana go didirišwa

ndingan elotswike lelazwishumiswa ndingan elotswikelelat shomedzo

mfikelelo wo ringana wa switirhisiwa mfikelelo wo ringana wa swipfuno

108 equal

dibaka tša go lekana

zwikhalanding anywa

swivandlanene swo ringana

opportunities

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

109 equal pay for work of equal value

Equal pay for work to which equal value is attributed, without discrimination on grounds of sex or marital status, with regard to all aspects of pay and conditions of remuneration. The same payment and benefits for men and women on the work on equal value done.

tefelotekano go mešomo ya boleng bja go lekana

mbadelonding anywa kha mushumo wa ndemendingana

muholondzinga- no wa ntirho wo ringana

110 equal

tefelotekano go banna le basadi

mbadelonding anywa kha vhanna na vhafumakadzi mbadelonding

muholondzinga- no wa vavasati na vavanuna

remuneration of women and men

anywa kha vhanna na vhasadzi

111 equal sharing of domestic responsibilities

Women and men equally sharing care tasks in the family as well as tasks relating to all aspects of household work. The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities.

kabagano ya go lekana ya maikarabelo a ka lapeng

ndinganelak hovhekanav hu ḓ ifhinduleli mu ṱ ani

avelandzingano wa vutihlamuleri bya le ndyangwini

112 equality

tekatekano

ndinganelo

ndzingano

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

113 equality bodies

Equality bodies are independent organisations assisting victims of discrimination, monitoring, and reporting on discrimination issues, and promoting equality. Aspect of any issue which relates to equality, such as sex, gender, age, race, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, or gender identity. Absence of barriers to economic, political, and social participation on grounds of sex and gender. Achievement of equality in the broader, more results- oriented, redistributive sense, based on the insight that equality of opportunity and equal treatment may not be enough to redress the historical oppression and disadvantage of women.

Mekgatlo ya tekatekano dihlongwa tša tekatekano

zwiimiswandin ganelo

tihuvo ta ndzin- gano

114 equality

lebaka la tekatekano lemenoga la tekatekano

masia a ndin ganelo

matlhelondzinga- no

dimension

115 equality of opportunity

tekatekano ya menyetla

ndinganelo ya tshikhala

ndzingano wa xivandlanene

116 equality of outcome

tekatekano ya dipoelo

ndinganelo ya mvelelo

ndzingano wa mbuyelo

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

117 equality of treatment

A state of no direct or indirect discrimination based on sex and gender, including less favourable treatment of women for reasons of pregnancy and maternity. A systematic determination of a subject’s merit, worth and significance, using criteria governed by a set of standards. Provision of public, private, individual, or collective services to meet the needs of parents and children or members of the immediate family. Perceived quality of worthiness and respectability that affects the social standing and the self- evaluation of a group of related people, both corporately and individually.

tekatakanotsh waro

ndinganelo ya kufarelwe

ndzingano wa makhomelo

tha ṱ huvho

118 evaluation

tekolo

nkambelo

ndondolamu ṱ a nhlayiso wa ndyangu

119 family care

tlhokomelo ya lapa

khuliso ya mu ṱ a ṱ hompho ya mu ṱ a

120 family honour

tlhompho ya lapa

nxiximo wa ndyangu

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

mulayo wa mu ṱ a nawu wa mindyangu

121 family law

Legal practice area that deals with issues related to family relationships such as marriage, divorce, adoption, and child custody. It also includes domestic partnerships, domestic violence and the best interest of the child. Right to leave for family reasons, which may or may not be shared between the parents. aiming to ensure that couples and individuals are able to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children. Care of, and support for, dependent children and other members of the immediate family who needs help.

molao wa tša lapa

ḽ ivi ya mu ṱ a ḽ ivi ya vhu ḓ ifhin duleli ha mu ṱ ani

122 family leave

maikhutšo a tša lapa

livhi ya swa ndyangu

vhuteamu ṱ a

123 family planning Services or programmes

peakanyo ya pelego

nkunguhato wa ndyangu

vhu ḓ ifhinduleli ha mu ṱ ani

124 family

maikarabelo a tša lapa

vutihlamuleri bya ndyangu

responsibility

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

125 family violence All acts of physical, sexual, psychological, or economic violence that occur within the family or domestic unit,

dikgaruru tša ka lapeng

khakhathi dza mu ṱ ani

vona domestic violence

irrespective of biological or legal family ties, or between former or current spouses or partners, whether or not the perpetrator shares or has shared the same residence as the victim. Social services professionals who provide assistance and guidance to children and families in need. Being of or subscribing to the sex that can bear offspring or produces eggs as distinguished biologically from one that produces sperm.

126 family worker

modirelaleago wa lapa

mushumi wa mu ṱ ani

mupfuni wa le ndyangwini

127 female

mosadi

tshifumakadzi tshisadzi

xisati

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

vhu ṱ hukhu lavhudzimu ha vhafumakadzi vhu ṱ hukhu lavhudzimu ha vhasadzi bulayo ḽ a tshetshe dza vhasidzana mi ṱ amiun ḓ wa nga vhafuma kadzi mi ṱ amiun ḓ wa nga vhasadzi bulayo ḽ a vha tshifumakadzini bulayo ḽ a vha tshisadzini

128 female genital mutilation

Procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The intentional killing of baby girls due to preference for male babies and from the low value associated with the birth of females. Household in which an adult female is the sole or main income producer and decision- maker.

go ripša ga ditho tša bosadi

ku tsemeleriwa ka swirho swa rimbewu swa xisati

129 female

polao ya masea a basetsana

ndlhayetelo wa tincecexisati yayarhelo wa tincecexisati mindyangu yo rhangela hi vaxisati

infanticide

130 female-headed households

malapa a go etwa pele ke basadi

131 femicide

The killing of women and girls on account of their gender, perpetrated or tolerated by both private and public actors.

polao ya basadi

ndlhayetelo wa vaxisati yayarhelo wa vaxisati

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

132 femidom

Female condom.

kgotlopo ya basadi khontomo ya basadi bofaladintši bja basadi

khondomu ya tshifumakadzini khondomu ya tshisadzini mupfhuluwon divhanywavhafu makadzi mupfhuluwon divhany wavhasadzi vhushain divhavhafuma kadzi vhushain divhavhasadzi

khondomu ya vaxisati

133 feminisation of migration

Trend towards an increasing proportion of women amongst international migrant workers.

ku rhurha ka vaxisati

134 feminisation of poverty

Increasing incidence and prevalence of poverty among women compared to men, as a result of structural discrimination that affects women’s lives and is reflected in lower salaries, lower pensions, fewer benefits, etc.

go diitša basadi

vusweti eka vaxisati

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

135 feminism

The advocacy of women’s rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes.

go lwela ditokelo tša basadi

vhulwelavhafu makadzi

vulwelatim- faneloxisati

vhulwelavhasadzi ndwelavhafuma kadzi ndwelavhasadzi ndwelatshifuma kadzi ndwelatshisadzi Ngud ondwelavhafu makadzi ngud ondwelavhasadzi vhufumakadzi vhusadzi tshifhinganzudza nywa

136 feminist studies

Studies that aim mainly to provide a scholarly understanding of women’s and girls’ situations, roles and options in societies and cultures. The quality of being female or womanliness. Flexible hours schedule that allows workers to alter workday start and finish times.

dinyakišošo tša go lwela ditokelo tša basadi

tidyondzo ta vulwelatim- faneloxisati

137 femininity

bosadisadi

vuxisati

138 flexitime

phetogophetogo ya dinako

nkarhi nkan- sindziso nkar- hinkambhoheko

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

139 forced abortion Intentional termination of pregnancy without the prior and informed consent of the woman.

ntšhompakgape letšo

vhukwashathum bukhombet shedzwa vhubvisathum bukhombet shedzwa vhu ṋ ulathumbuk hombetshedzwa vhuthuthathum bukhombet shedzwa mbinganok hombetshedzwa

nsindziso wo kulula

140 forced marriage Intentional conduct of forcing an adult or child to enter a

lenyalokgape letšo

vukatinsindziso

marriage, lacking the personal expression of the full, informed and free consent of one or both of the parties. when a woman or girl becomes pregnant without having sought or desired it, and abortion is denied, hindered, delayed, or made difficult.

141 forced

go ima ka kgapeletšo

vhuimanak hombetshedzwa thumbukhombet shedzwa

vuyimaninsindzi- so

pregnancy

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

142 forced

Sexual slavery that takes place because of coercion by a third party. A process or act that renders an individual incapable of sexual reproduction without consent. Principles of equality of women and men, equal recognition and the enjoyment and exercise of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as measures providing for equal treatment of, and equal opportunities for, women and men in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil, domestic or any other field.

go gweba ka mmele ga kgapeletšo phedišopelego ka kgapeletšo

vhurengisamuvhi likhombetshedz wa vhuvalambebok hombetshedzwa phahulok hombetshedzwa mbofhambebok hombetshedzwa ndinganelo ya mbeu ya foma ḽ a

vuxavisamirinsin- ndziso

prostitution

143 forced

vudlayambele- konsindziso

sterilisation

144 formal gender equality

tekatekano ya bong semmušo

ndzinganorimbe- wu wa ximfumo

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

145 gay

Sexual or romantic attraction to people of the same sex often used to refer to men only.

setabane keyi monnamosadi

munnamufunam beungae gei geyi

wanunanavela na wanunatsakela na vutavanax-inuna

vhu ṱ alusambeu rimbewu

146 gender

Social attributes and opportunities associated with being female and male and to the relationships between women and men and girls and boys, as well as to the relations between women and those between men.

bong

147 gender analysis Critical examination of how differences in gender roles, activities, needs, opportunities, and rights/ entitlements affect different

tshekatsheko ya bong kahlaahlo ya bong

tsengulu savhu ṱ alusam beu

nxopaxoparim- bewu

genders in a given policy area, situation or context.

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

vhu ṱ alusambeu na mveledziso

148 gender and development

Approach focusing on the socially constructed basis of differences and unequal relations between women and men, emphasizing the need to challenge existing gender roles and relations and recognises different genders’ contribution to development. Data that reflects the realities of the lives of women and men and policy issues relating to gender.

bong le tlhabollo bong le tšwetšopele

rimbewu na nhluvukiso

149 gender

datha yeo e hlopholotšwego ya bong

data tshayandin ganelo ya vhu ṱ alusambeu

switiviwa leswi hambanisiweke hi rimbewu data leyi hambanisiweke hi rimbewu oditi ya rimbewu

disaggregated data

tlhakišo ya bong odithi ya vhu ṱ alu sambeu

150 gender audit

Assessment of the extent to which gender equality is effectively institutionalised in policies, programmes, organisational structures, and

proceedings and in the corresponding budgets.

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Gender Terminology Booklet

Sesotho sa Leboa Tshiven ḓ a temogobong pha ṱ huso nga vhu ṱ alusambeu

English

Definitions

Xitsonga

151 gender

The ability to view society from the perspective of gender roles and understand how this has affected women’s needs in comparison to the needs of men.

ndzemukisarim- bewu

awareness

152 gender balance Equal participation of women and men in all areas of work, projects, or programmes.

tekanyetšobong ndinganelo ya vhu ṱ alusambeu

ndzinganisarim- bewu

153 gender-based violence

Violence directed at an individual based on his or her biological sex or gender identity.

dikgaruru tša bong

khakhathindivha nywa na vhu ṱ alu sambeu khakhathi dzo livhiswaho kha vhu ṱ alusambeu u sendamela kha vhu ṱ alusambeu u dzhia sia kha vhu ṱ alusambeu

madzolonga ku ya hi rimbewu

154 gender bias

Prejudiced actions or thoughts based on the gender-based perception that women are not equal to men in rights and dignity.

go tšea lehlakore go tša bong

mboyamelatlhe- lo hi rimbewu

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Gender Terminology Booklet